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We hope you find the following articles helpful. Please get in touch if you would like to share some of your own learning.

Mostly missing the point
Mostly missing the pointDavid Ballard20/10/2007

This article appeared in 'Surviving Climate Change', published by Pluto Press and edited by our friends Mark Levine and David Cromwell from the Crisis Forum. It was one of two articles in that book that explored the response of business to climate change and it takes the 'cock up' rather than the 'conspiracy' approach to change (in contrast to the other article).
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Adaptive capacity benchmarking: A Handbook
Adaptive capacity benchmarking: A HandbookDavid Ballard and Susan Alexander2008

This is the Handbook that was published at the conclusion of the ESPACE 2 project into organisational responses to climate change. It is very much a handbook for practitioners rather than an academic report. It tells the reader practically how to undertake a review of capacity. It refers to many of the tools that were developed to undertake such a review - these can be downloaded from the ESPACE website - they are in the public domain and you are welcome to use them (with appropriate references) at no charge. The PACT framework builds on this foundation at much less time for the user and for the organisation being reviewed. There are further peer-reviewed articles with much of the background theory underpinning PACT but we cannot post these on this website for copyright reasons - please email us (see below) if you would like to discuss these.
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Moving to Higher Ground
Moving to Higher GroundD.I. Ballard, S.J. Alexander and R. Shah2007

This was the first report on the organisational framework that became PACT. It was issued as an early deliverable in the ESPACE 2 project. Much detail was added over the next year, and since, but the report (presented as a hyperlinked PDF document) is still an approachable way into the material. Note that much of the nomenclature has changed since this report was written.
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Clearing the Pathways to Transformation
Clearing the Pathways to TransformationSusan Alexander and David Ballard20/10/2007

This article is perhaps the best summary of our work on human change and climate change prior to the development of PACT, which began shortly after this report was completed. It summarises the 5 A's approach to change and also the crucial role of champions. It appeared in 'Surviving Climate Change', edited by Mark Levine and David Cromwell and was published by Pluto Press in 2007.
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Developing Strategic Capacity To Respond To Climate Change
Developing Strategic Capacity To Respond To Climate ChangeDavid Ballard12/10/2007

This is a pre-publication draft of an article that appeared in the editor-reviewed journal 'Organisations and People' in November 2007. It describes early thinking towards the PACT project. A considerable amount of the nomenclature of the framework has changed since this article was written, and ideas have developed considerably. But it still gives a good simple introduction to the PACT framework.
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Insider Voices: report of Low Carbon Works Project
Insider Voices: report of Low Carbon Works ProjectP. Reason, G. Coleman, D. Ballard et al03/07/2009

This report is of the findings of the EPSRC funded Low Carbon Works project which looks at how transitions to a low carbon economy can be facilitated. ABL was involved in the conception of this project and in various roles throughout.
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Warm Hearts, Cool Heads
Warm Hearts, Cool HeadsSusan Alexander

This research report is perhaps the most substantial written to date on the crucial role of champions (also known as agents of change, policy innovators, the 'active few') in bringing about significant change. Although they are often ignored, the evidence suggests strongly that 'no champion, no change'. In this report, Susan introduces for the first time the vital idea of an 'ecology of champions'.
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Leadership for Sustainable Development
Leadership for Sustainable DevelopmentDavid Ballard

This article examines the task of leadership for sustainability through the theories of a number of different writers on leadership. It must have been written around 2005, since the four A's model of change is referenced but our thinking had not begun to move on to PACT at that stage. It was commissioned by LEAD International and quite recently they were still using it.
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The cultural aspects of change for sustainable development
The cultural aspects of change for sustainable developmentDavid Ballard09/05/1999

This peer-reviewed article appeared in the June 2000 version of Eco-Management and Auditing, It examines barriers to change through a five-level model of culture that is derived from Schein. It pre-dates all of our recent work: while not wrong, we would express these ideas rather differently now.
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Learning for Sustainable Development
Learning for Sustainable DevelopmentDavid Ballard

First drafted in August 2004 and revised for publication in December 2004, and so building on early insights from our work with the ESPACE partnership, this is a pre-publication version of an article which appeared in the journal Action Research in June 2005. It is one of the first summaries of our views as to what is needed for effective change for environmental sustainability and frames a number of the issues on which we have been working since.
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An Interview with the Chair of the IPCC
An Interview with the Chair of the IPCCSusan Ballard

This was one of the first interviews with Dr Rajendra Pachauri, Chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, after his controversial appointment (with the support of the Bush administration) to replace Dr Bob Watson. It was first published on Oxford University's changingclimate website in 2002 and was the basis of an article, "Keeping the Bush Fires Burning" which was later published in the Guardian newspaper.
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The danger lies in obscuring the real issues
The danger lies in obscuring the real issuesDavid Ballard

This short article, which highlights some of the limitations of triple bottom line reporting, appeared in the European Business Forum / International Herald Tribune Special Issue on Sustainable Development, 2nd September, 2002.
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Interview with Professor Steve Rayner
Interview with Professor Steve RaynerDavid Ballard

At the time of writing, Steve Rayner had newly been appointed as Oxford University's Professor of Science and Society at the Said Business School. As the Joint Editor of the 4-volume book 'Human Choice and Climate Change, Steve is also one of the most respected, if sometimes controversial, commentators on the sociological aspects of climate change. As a member of the IPCC, he takes the view that the Kyoto process is unlikely to be effective and speaks in favour of work on adaptation as a route to wider change. This interview with David Ballard covers these issues and his views on what the 'cargo cults' and 'millenarians' have to teach us about climate change responses. It was first published on Oxford University's changingclimate website in 2002.
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Leadership and the Environmental Crisis
Leadership and the Environmental CrisisDavid Ballard

Speech given to the Environment Agency's Anglian Region, 17th July 1997. This well-received speech was one of the earliest occasions on which the parallel between people's blocked responses to serious environmental issues and many people's response to bereavement or death was remarked upon.
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Moving to reporting for sustainability
Moving to reporting for sustainabilityDavid Ballard

This keynote speech on moving from reporting for environmental improvement to reporting on sustainable development was given to a European rail industry conference in Rome, 19th September, 2002.
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ESPACE behaviour report Volume 1
ESPACE behaviour report Volume 1David Ballard and ABL colleagues

This 2005 report was written for the European Spatial Planning: Adapting to Climate Events (ESPACE) Consortium. It was commissioned by Hampshire County Council in 2004 to explore how local authorities might influence behaviour change to facilitate more effective responses to climate change. The research findings apply to both the adaptation and mitigation agendas. Volume 2 includes much of the supporting evidence and is available from the ESPACE website.
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